Electric starter for internal-combustion engines



Dec. 4., 1923. 1,476,322

I A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 28. 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 m 11.127 1 2 7 a y I l y u 1/ I8 I J 5 a Z 5 4 5 6 7; l 9 v 1/ I2 f 1r 1 II I 1 1! m m: 11 X:

Ti t l l fil l l l A i l l jl l l Dec. 4 1923.

A. BAREfNYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 28, 1922 DYNAMO POslTlON MOTOR PPSITION' T19. 4. be 139'.

Dec. 4,1923. 1,476,322

1 A. BARpm ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION IIGINES Filed Nov. 28, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet a I 2a, 3a

[4 a a Ha a 7?" Dec. 4,1923. 1,476,322

A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 28, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 H i i I I I I (I y k 59 JZyIZ.

W 1 2d Jd 6% id id Dec. 4, 1923.

A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 'Filod Nov. 28, 1922 -9 She ets-Sheet 5 49/3 J L Q N" H 1,476,322 A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Dec. 4 1923.

9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Nov. 28. 1922 Dec. 4, 1923.

A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filod Nov. 28. 1922 HytZJ.

' 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 Dec. 4, 1923. 1,476,322

. A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION. IIGINES Filed Nov. 28, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Dec. 4, 1923. 1,476,322

A. BARENYI ET AL ELECTRIC STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 28, 1922 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 RE NR Ra i g Ni g w && g g Eii wxw BE H 3% g 3% E Q i fii a \E m agafiamm g@2585??? M N W @m u h a Patented Dec. 4, 1923.

ARPAD BARE'NYI, OF BERLIN-LICHTEELFELDE AND PAUL KAEMMERER, F CHAR- LOTTENBUFKG. (3

ELECTRIC ER FOIL IF Appli tion filed November To will whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, inrlio Biannxri, a citizen of Germany, residing at Berlin- Lichterjtelde. in the State of Prussia, Germany, and PAUL I JUCWYDFERER7 a citizen of Germany, residing at Qharlottcnburg, in the State oit russia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful li'n n'ovements in Electric Starters for internal-Combustion. Engines; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description oi the invention, such. as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Uur invention relates to improvements in electric starters tor internal combustion engines, and more particularly in starters of the type comprising a motor-dynamo adapted to be driven by the engine in the normal operation thereof for supplying electric energy to the lighting system, charging a battery and other purposes, and to be operated by current from the battery for starting the engine. The object of the improvements is to provide a system of this type in which the dynamo comprises a single commutator and a single armature winding divided into sectional windings or coils adapted to be connected to the lamellte of the commutator so as to present a high or low resistance for operation of the machine either as a dynamo or as a motor.

For the purpose of explaining the inveu tion several examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference characters have been used. in all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawings,*

Fig. 1. is a diagram illustrating the armature winding, the commutator. and the manner of connecting the sectional coils; of the winding to the lainellic ot the commutator,

Fig. 2. is a diagrammatic view of a stem connected for generating current, sai system comprising the armature winding shown in Fig. 1 and a. field winding made in sections,

Fig. 3, is a similar view of the system shown in Fig. 2 connected for starting the engine,

Fig. 4, is a diagram showing the electri- "STION ENGINES.

1922. sen-a1 No. 693,764.

cal connection of the system shown in Figs. 2 and 3 when charging the battery,

Fig. 5, is a similar diagram showing the system as connected for operating as a motor,

Fig. 6, is a longitudinal section of the commutator,

Fig. 7, is an. end view of the commutator seen from the right in Fig. 6,

Fig. 8, is an end view of a switch ring cooperating with the lamellaa oi? the commutator for connecting the coils of the armature winding in different ways,

Fig. 9, is a diagrammatic view showing modification of the armature winding and con'm'iutator, said winding comprising a. main section and a subsidiary section embedded in the grooves of the armature provided tor the main section,

Figs. 13 are diagrams showing .turlher modifications,

Fig. 14, is a partial longitudinal section oi an armature embodying the invention,

Fig. 15, is a detail view showing in elevation the armature shaft,

Fig. 16, is a cross section taken on the line 1G1G Of Fig. 14,

Fig. 17, is a cross-section taken on the line 17-17 of Fig. 15,

Fig. 18 is a longitudinal section similar to that shown in Fig. 14 and showing a modification of the construction of the coinmutator,

Fig. 19, is an end view of the commutator illustrated in Fig. 18 partly in section and looking in the direction of the arrows 19 19. i

Fig. 20, is a detail sectional view on an enlarged scale showing one of the lamellae provided in the commutator illustrated in Figs. 18 and 19,

Fig. 21, is an end View of Fig. 20',

Fig. 22, is a sectional view similar to that shown in Fig. 20 and illustrating a lamella with the ends of two armature coils embedded therein,

Fig. 23, is a crosssection taken on the line 23-23-of Fig. 22,

Fig. 2 1, is an end view of the lamella looking from the left in Fig. 22,

Figs. and 26, are diagrams showing a, system corresponding to the one illustrated in Fig. 11 and equipped. with switching means similar to those shown in Figs. 18 to 24:,

Fig. 27, is a diagram showing a modificae tion of the system,

Fig. 23, is a diagrammatical view of a dynamo equipped with the system shown in Fig. 27, and

Fig. 29, shows a system similar to that shown in Figs. 25 and 26 and embodying the connection or the coils illustrated in Figs. 26 and 27.

In the example shown in Fig. 1 the armature winding comprises twelve coils indicated by the characters 1 to 12, all of the said coils consisting of wires of equal crosssections connected in the usual way to the lamellae of the commutator indicated by the characters I, ll and X11. As distinguished from constructions now in use each coil is connected only with one of its ends to a lamella, the opposite end being connected to a switch member adapted to connect the same either to the lamella adjacent to the said lamella connected with the other end of the coil or with one of the succeeding lamellae. "When connecting the ends of the coils respectively to adjacent lamellze the current flows successively through all the coils connected in series, that is from lamella I over coil 1, to lamella H, from lamella H over coil 2 to lamella TH, etc. Therefore all the coils are connected in series for generating electric energy. When setting the switch for connecting the free end of each coil with one of the succeeding lamellae, for example for connecting coil 1 to lamella Til, the end of coil 2 to. lamella IV, the end of coil 3 to larnella V, etc., and providing broad brushes adapted to bridge adjacent lamellae, pairs of adjacent coils are connected in shunt, and the current supplied through the brushes is divided for flowing through pairs of coils connected in shunt, said pairs of coils being in series one with another and corresponding in operation to single coils the wires of which have tie double cross-sections and a reduced resistance. In Fig. 1 we have indicated the free ends or the coils by the characters 1, 2, 3, etc. The connections of the said ends to the lamellae corresponding to the series connection of all the coils and to the operation of the system as a generator have been indicated in dotted lines, and the connections corresponding to the shunt connection of pairs of coils and to the operation of the system as a motor have been indicated by full lines. The brushes Z1 Z2 for the operation or the machine as a generator, and the brushes Z2 Z) the breadth of which is the double of that of the brushes b b and which are operative when running the ma chine as a motor, are shown in Fig. 1 below the commutator. We wish it to the understood that our invention is not limited to the construction shown herein in which only two coils are adapted to be connected in shunt, the number of the coils adapted to be connected in shunt depending upon the desired total cross-section and the resistance of the wires connected in shunt.

If it is desired to provide for a variation of the resistance of the field winding in addition to the variation of the resistance of the armature winding, the field winding may also be divided into two or more coils adapted to be connected in series or in shunt. A system of this kind has been illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, Fig. 2 showing the coils connected for operation of the system as a generator, and Fig. 3 showing the coils connected for operation as a motor. When operating the system as a generator the brushes 6 and b are operative, and the field windings are divided each into two coils 7, f and f f The said coils and the brushes are connected over a switch to a storage battery s. The armature circuit is closed over brush 5, contacts 13, i l, 15, field winding 7, contacts 16,17, 18, field winding f lead 19, contacts 20, 21, 22, field winding 7, contacts 23, 24, 25, field winding 7, contacts 26, 27, 28, and brush 6 The contacts 14 and 27 are connected over contacts 29 and 30 with the battery .9, whereby the battery is connected in series with the field winding. Therefore, the windings of the system are connected as follows referring to Fig. 4:: All the field coils f f f and f are connected in series with the battery, and they are connected in shunt to the armature wind lVhen starting the engine and operating the dynamo-electric machine as a motor the connections are made in the manner shown in Fig. 3. instead of the narrow brushes Z9 o the broad brushes b 6 are in engagement with the commutator, which brushes bridge pairs of adjacent lamellae oi": the commutator. N ow the following circuit is closed: from battery 8 over contacts 29, 31, and 32, brush b armature winding a, and brush 5*. In'the armature winding pairs of adjacent coils are connected in shunt, as has been described with reference to Fig. 1. From brush 5 the circuit may be traced over contact 33 and contact rail 34 connected with the contacts 15 and 18 of the field coils f and f and the contacts 25, 28 of the field coils f and 7". The opposite ends of the field coils are connected over contacts 16, 35 and 22, 26 with a contact rail 36, which is also in connection with contact 30 from which the circuit passes to the terminal of the battery. Therefore the following connec tions are made, referring to Fig. 5: Field coil 7 is connected in shunt with field coil 7, and field coil f with field coil f and also the field coils 7, f and i f are in shunt connection. Both combined fields are connected in series with the armature winding a.

In Figs. 6 to 8 means have been shown for connecting the free ends of the armature coils to the lamella: of the commutator. The lamellae are insulated and mounted on a hub 51, as is known in the art. The hub is disposed on a ring 52' having axial bores. one for each of the lamellae, and the ends 54 of the armature coils are passed through the said bores, and they are connected by flexible conductors 55 and'screws 56 to contact springs 57 bearing with their free ends r on the end faces of the lamellae. The number of the springs is equal to that of the lamellzn 50, and they are secured to a ring 58 of insulating material mounted with,- in a drum 59 adapted to be turned relatively to the commutator 50. For turning the drum a shaft 61 connected therewith by a bolt 62 is rotatably mounted within the hollow shaft 60, the bolt passing through circumferential slots 63 or the shaft 60.

For generating electric current each spring 57 bears on the end face of the lamella which directly follows the lamella connected with the opposite end of the coil. For starting the engine the drum 59 is turned in a direction for advancing the springs through a distance corresponding to two consecutive lamcllae, and simultaneously the broad brushes are thrown into engagement with the commutator. The particular mounting of the brushes forms no part of our invention and can be readily provided by one familar with dynamo con.- struction. By turning the drum backwards the system is again set into position for generating current.

In the system shown in Fig. 9 the armature is provided with the usual winding the coils 1', 2, 3 etc. of which are connected in series over commutator lamella: I, II, III, etc. The winding is such that it is adapted to build up the pressure required for generatin the desired current. In the grooves of a I I v a I y the said winding a second winding is embedded, and each of the coils 1' 2', 3", etc. oi the second winding is connected with one end to the lamellze of the main winding, and with the opposite end to subsidiary lamella I""-, II III, etc. disposed between the lamellae I*, II, III etc. By means of a rotary switch or the like having terminals (Z adjacent lamellac I, I II, II, III", 111", etc. can be connected with each other 'for short-circuiting the said lamellae and connecting the coils 1 1, 2, 2, etc. in shunt. It will be understood that the main and subsidiary windings are connected to a common commutator having a single pair of brushes 7) and b".

When starting the engine the terminal d are at first open, and the current passes through the main armature winding 2, etc. for imparting rotary movement to the armature which movement is used for bringing the iiiiials it! in contact with the subsidiary 1a.; slice and connecting the subsidiary coils 1', 2, etc. in shunt with the corresponding coils of the main winding. Thereby the effective cross section of the armature winding, the intensity of the current flowing therethrough, and the starting torque are increased. After starting the engine the subsidiary winding, 1', 2', etc. is switched out at the terminals (1, so that only the main winding is operative for generating current. The mechanism provided for operating the armature and the commutator will be described hereinafter with reference to Figs. 14 to 17.

In the modification shown in Fig. 1.0 the coils of the main and subsidiary windings are disposed in separate alternating grooves of the armature, and each coil issecured with one end only to a lamella of the coinmutator. The coils 1 2 etc., are connected with the lamellae I", II etc., and the inter mediate subsidiary coils 1' 2' etc., with the lainellae I" II, etc., located between the lamellze I II etc. The free ends of all the coils are connected to contacts (.Z

adapted to connect the free ends of the main coils 1 2 etc., either with the au accnt lamellae I 11', etc., of the subsidiary coils, as is shown in Fig. 10 by full llDLS, or, as is shown in said figure in dotted lines, with the succeeding lamellae I, II", etc., of the main coils. The brushes 7) and b are so broad that they are always in contact with two adjacent lamellae.

For starting the engine the contacts (Z are set so as to make the connections shown in Fig. 10 in dotted lines. The brushes 7f, 6 connect the subsidiary lainellte I" 11, etc., with the main lamellae I, II, etc., so that the main and subsidiary coils are con nected in shunt. Therefore the total cross sections of the effective windings, the cur v rent flowing therethrough, and the torque produced thereby are large. For generating current the contacts (Z' are connected to lainellaa I' II' etc., adjacent to the la ncllae I", II, etc., as is shown in Fig. 10 in tuli lines, so that all the coils, and more particularly the main and subsidiary coils 1 1" etc., are connected in series.

lVhile in the example shown in Fig. 9 the subsidiary winding is inoperative when ginerating current, in the modification shown in Fig. 10 both windings are operative for both status of the system, said windir s being connected in shunt when starting the engine, and in series when generating electric energy.

In the example shown in Fig. 11 the armature windings consist each of two sectional coils 1, 1', 2, 2', 3, 3', etc., the coils 1,

2, 8 etc. having n coils 1', 2' etc., a lover The L 1.. 3 cooperating sectional coils Uiuillii jtdti b y lamcllae 11 that of sectional coi iamellae that of sectional coil 1 lamella that sectional coil 1 lamella that of sectional coil 2" 0 2C iamella IV, that of .ectional lainella with lamella V tl'iat of with lamella Vi etc.

When operating the machine as agenerator the contact springs 11 Zn, 713, etc, are in the positions shown in do -'ed lines and they connect the COIDIIAOD. commutator lamellee 1 l tore, the sectional coils connected in series and t to the brushes o l, 5 For tom in position for conta t springs 0 k m 7 into en asement with the lj u, Kil l Ii V, etc.., connec ed w'th the ends of the sectional coils 6', 1' 2"". etc. There by the sectional coils 2, 3 etc. "are switched out l: ec:.use th lmiellm l i ll, from the contact V are disconnected springs, and the sectional coils 1', 2, 3' etc, provide a s ngle winding rccchring electric current from battery.

It the switch member ca rying the conact sol-n Z2 by. 1 0 tc. is automaticaily 7 controlled in the manner to be described hereafter. the dynamo-electric machine is at first when starting the engine connected tor acting a generator, the contact springs connect, h the ends of the coils and the commutator lamellze in the manner shown in dotted lines. The current supplied to the machine causes rotation of the armature. so that the contact springs pass from the lamellte engaged thereby to those non succeeding in the direction of the rotation and. into the positions shown in 11 in tlull lines. Thereby the current is automatically directed from the sectional. coils 1 2, 3", etc. to the sectional coils 1' 2". 3', etc, and a higher torque is developed by the or mature, which is sufficient for starting the interi al combustion engine. After the internal combustion engine has been started the armature of the motor-dynamo receives power from the engine, and after the engine has built up a certain speed. the armature behind the switch member connected i the engine'until the contact springs are in in engagement with the adjacent lamellee for connecting the system as a generator. in both status the same set of brushes 5 i3 provided for supplying current to the armature and for collecting the current om the armature and supplying the same to the battery or other consuming system.

lin the modification shown in Fig. 12 the pairs of sectional coils re parts of a combined coil. connected h one terninal. to

lamella, for example ii and with the opposite end to the succeeding lamella adjacent thereto, the next coil being connected with one end to the succeeding lamella lV and with the opposite end to the lamella 7% etc. The coils are connected at points intermediate their ends with switch arms ic lc etc, the coils being divided so that sectional coils l, 1, 2 2" etc. of different resistances are produced. For operatingthe s stem as a motor the switch arms ic cattery flows through thesectional coils l etc. and for operating the system as a nerator the switch arms are set in the posins shown in dotted lines and the current ows through the coils 1 2 3, etc. of hi gher resistance and high number of turns.

The example shown in big. 13 is similar to the one described with reference to Fig. 12. but the construction is such thatwhen operating the system as a: motor only one of the sections of each coil is included in the armature circuit, while when operating the system as a generator the whole coil is operative. l? or this purpose the coils are connected with one of their ends to the switch arms 70 7c etc. and with their opposite ends to commutator lamellze i ill V etc. the intermediate lamellee ll, TV, Vl etc. being connected with the coils at points intermediate the ends thereof. According to the positions or" the switch armsic 5' etc; the current flows either through the sections 1' 2, etc. of the coils, or through both sections 1 19, 2" 2 of the coils.

in the examples shown in Figs. 11 to 13 each armature coil is divided by a lead connected with the commutator into sections one of high ohmic resistance and many turns and the other one o'l": low ohmic resistance and few turns.

has been stated above, the switches for setting the system into position for operation as a motor or generator are automatically operated. We'shall now describe a preferred construction of such operating means which may be used with any of the systems described. Our improved construe tion is similar to the one described with reference to Figs. 6 to 8.

as shown in 14- to 17 the armature is mounted on a shaft 71 connected with a coaxial shaft 72 formed at its free end with gear teeth 73 forming a part of the transmission gear connccteii with the en;

gine. At the end adjacent to the shaft 72 the shaft 72 is formed with a pair of diametrically opposite slots 75- engaged by clutch members75 secured to the shaft 71. As shown the clutch members havea cer tain play within the slots 74., so that the shafts can be turned relatively to each other through an angle corresponding to the distance of two consecutive commutator lamellze for connecting one of the ends of each armature coil with either one of two adjacent lamellae. To the armature shaft 71 a drum is secured which carries com mutator lamellee 76 and a switch ring 77. To the switch ring insulating spring contacts 78 are secured which bear on the end faces of the commutator lamellze 76. By mounting the ring 77 on the drum 85, and more particularly on an axial tubular extension 86 thereof the contact springs are exactly centered with relation to the lamellze and they exert a uniform pressure thereon. The ring is connected with the shaft 72 for being carried along thereby in circumferential direction, by means of a disk 79 secured thereto and formed internally with teeth engaging in corresponding grooves 80 of the shaft 72. For connecting the ends of the armature coils re spectively with the lamellze 76 and with the spring contacts, as has been described above, leads 81 and 82 are provided.

The operation of the commutator shown in Figs. 14; to 17 is as follows: Normally the armature windings are connected for generating electric energy. For starting the engine, current supplied to the ar mature from the battery so that the arma ture is rotated. At first the switch drum, which is connected with the shaft 72 and the engine. does not take part in such rotation, until the clutch members 75 of the armature get into engagement with the side walls of the slots 74 located in front thereof. By the switch ring thus lagging behind. the armature and the commutator. the spring contacts are shifted with relation to the lamelltc, so that the armature is connected for operation as a motor and a high torque is developed thereby The armature carries along the engine by means of the clutch 74, 75. As the engine becomes self-actuating the armature accelerates the same to its highest speed. Thereafter the armature lags behind the engine, until the clutch 74, 75 and the switch ring 77 are again in the positions shown in Fig. 14, in which the starting the engine the armature is not immediately made inoperative, but it accelcra :1 the engine until the. highest speed is obtained. Thereby starting is made reliabie. Furthcrmora it is impossible that the armature when connected as a motor has a braking effect on the engine, because the switchring 77 is necessarily operated for connecting the armature as a generator, as soon as the armature lags behind the engine and before it can brake the same.

In Figs. 18 and 19 we have shown a mod ification of the commutator in which the ends of the armature coils are not connected in part to the lamellae and in part to the switch ring 77, but in which pairs of coils can alternately be connected to the same lamellae.

The construction of the armature and its shaft is similar to that described with reference to Figs. 14 to 17. As shown the armature is keyed to a shaft 91 having at one end a portion 91 of reduced diameter. On the portion 91 there is. a sleeve 92 adapted to be connected with the engine and formed at one end with slots 94 engaged by clutch members 95 secured to the shaft portion 91, which clutch members have certain play within the slots corresponding to one half of the breadth of the lamellae and permitting the sleeve 92 and the parts connected therewith to be turned relatively to the shaft 91. 91 through a certain angle. The reduced portion 91 of the armature shaft has a drum keyed thereto, on which insulated commutator lamellze 96 mount (d in a manner known in the art. The number of the lamellee is equal. to that of the armature grooves each of which has two coils one of large resistance and many turns and the other one of small resistance and few turns embedded therein. The commutator lamellze 96 are provided each with two longitudinal bores 107 and 108 through which the ends 101 and 101 of the armature coils located in the corresponding armature grooves are passed to the front face of the comr'nutattn' insulating material 109 being placed be tween the ends and the walls of the bore. The ends of the wires 101 and 101' are connected to metallic =contact plates or terminals 102 and 102 respectively, which are embedded in the lamellee and are insulated relatively to each other and to the lamellee by insulating material 103. The aggregate breadth of adjacent contact plates 102 and 102 is substantially equal to the breadth of the lamellae.

In front of the commutator a switch ring 97 is mounted on the drum 105 and more particularly on an axial flange 106 thereof to which it is secured by means of a ring 110 screwed to the flange. the said switch ring a ring 111 is secured which engages with internal teeth in corresponding grooves of the sleeve 92, the construction being similar to that described with reference to Figs. 14 to 17. Therefore the switch ring is adapted to be turned rel atively to the armature shaft 91, the drum 105 and the lamellee 96 and together with the sleeve 92 through an angle corresponding to one half the breadth of the lamellze. To the switch ring 97 springs 113 each carrying a contact plate 114- are secured which plates make contact each with the outer part of the front face of one of the lamellae and either one of the contact plates 102 or 102 for connecting either one of the coils 101 or 101 with the corresponding lamellae. Thereby either the high resistance coils or the low resistance coils are connected to the lamellee.

The operation of the system is similar to that described with reference to igs. 14- to 17.. l Vhen supplying electric energy to the system for starting the engine the current is first supplied to the high resist ance coils 101. The sleeve 92 is connected with the engine, and it is not rotated by the first current impulse, while the armature and the commutator are rotated. and turned relatively to the switch ring 97 and the contact plates 11% so far that the con tact plates 114 make contact with the plates 102 of the low resistance or motor coil, whereupon high torque is developed and the engine is started. As the engine build up speed the armature lags behind the same, so that the contact plates 11 again make contact with the terminals 102 of the high resistance or generator coil. Now the engine drives the armature which supplies electric energy for charging the bat tery and other purposes.

The construction shown in Figs. 18 and 19 is preferable as compared to the construction shown in Figs. 14 to 17 for the reason that the number of the lamellae and therefore the diameter of the commutator are reduced. The reduction of the diameter of the commutator results in a reduction of the circumferential velocity of the commutator and therefore in a reduction of the wear thereof by friction. As both the motor current and the generator current flows alternately through all the lamellse the wear of the commutator is uniform all around the circumference while in the system shown in Figs. 14- to 17 the lamellm connected with the motor coils are subject to more rapid wear than those connected with the generator coils, which results in sparking sparking.

T igs. 20 to 2 1- we have shown a prel cor tion of the lamellee shown in Fi l 19 the insulated wires t i" 1 n r Y" emteccec n r6111, tie essenna lea me or and increased wear by ion residing in embedding'the 1r wires connected therewith la1nell2e96 by means of plastic dia adapted to bind. metal.

the construc wire ends within the insulating In such as per Thereby the manufacture is made more easy as comparec to insulations consisting of rigid insulating media such as tubular fibre. and the like. In addition the wires are rigidly connected with the lamellze by the hardened insulating medium, so that their front ends are not projected beyond or retracted from the outer faces of the lamellee non-uniform expansion by heat, as is ecessary for insuring thorough contact bethe cont-act plates 11% and 102, 102. in the example shown in Figs. 20 to 24; the lamella 96 is provided with two longitudinal bores 107 and 108 the bore 107 hava large diameter and the bore 108 a small one. At the front face the lamella is formed with a recess 117 for accommodating the terminals 102 and 102 of the wires 101 and 101. The foot portion 1.18 of the lamella is provided with a bore 119 communicating with both bores 107 and 108. In the manufacture of the lamella the bores 107 and 108 and the recess 117 are first filled with a thick plastic insulating medium, whereupon the wires 101 and 101 having the segments 102 and 102' secured thereto are centrally inserted, whereby the wires and the segments are embedded in the plastic in sulati medium, and are rigidly held there in after the insulating medium has hardened. --.t will he understood that when thus ii'iserting the wires the passage 119 is not made use of. In another method the wires 101 and 101 are inserted into the bores 107 and 108 and before filling the same with insulating; medium, in which case the wires are centered at their ends by tough or solid insulating bodies 120 formed with small ape 'tures for the escape of the air from the bores when applying the insulating medium thereto. Thereafter a liquid insulating medium is forced into the bores 107 and 108 through the passagelil) and to the opposite ends of the bores, the air escaping through the small apertures provided in the centering members 120. After the insulating medium has hardened the pins or wires 101 and 101 are rigidly secured to the lamella. in. assembling the armature the wires or pins 101 and 101 are soldered or otherwise secured to the ends of the armature coils.

A suitable insulating; medium. consists of celain cement or the like.

water-glass or sodium silicate and porcelain.

It will be understood that any of the switching means shown in Fi s. 6 to 8, to 17, and 18 and 19 may be u. d. in any of the armature constructions shown diagrammatically in the accompanying draw v To show this it will be suiiicient to illus s one of the said armature constructions in connection with one of the switching means. Figs. 25 and 26 show the system illustrated in Fig. 11 in combination with the switching means illustrated in Figs. 18 to 24:, and for clearness sake the parts have received the same reference characters as correspond ing parts shown in Figs. 11, 18 to 24, so that it is not necessary to repeat the dcscription in detail. In F ig. 25 the contact plates 114 are in the positions for making contact with the terminals 102 of the high resistance coils 1 2 etc., and the system is connected for operating as a generator. In Fig. 26 the contact plates 114.- make contact with the terminals 102 of the low resistance coils, and the system is connected for 0; ing as a motor.

In the systems described in which one commutator and one pair of brushes pro vided the armature reaction is different when operating the system as a motor and as a generator, by reason oi the ditierence ot the intensity of the currents flowing through the windings and the difference in the num-.

ber of turns of the windings. Therefore,

in order to prevent sparking it is necessary to set the brushes in different ways when starting the engine and charging the battery. The mounting of commutator brushes in such a. manner that they can be rotatably shifted to bear on different points of the commutator circumference forms no part of our invention and is not illustrated.

In Figs. 27 and 28 we have shown asystem in which shifting of the brushes is not necessary. 1th this object in view the coils of the motor and generator windings disposed in the same armature grooves are not connected to the lamellze in the usual way, but they are connected to separate lamellee disposed at an angle apart which is equa to the relative angle of the neutral zones. Therefore the armature reaction is compensated. within the windings, and the commu-' tator brushes can be in fixed positions.

In Figs. 27 and 28 we have shown a portion ct an armature provided with 2st lamella: I, II YXIV and 24. armature grooves. In each groove a thick motor winding 1' 2 23, 21- and a thin generator winding 1 2 23, 24L are emhedded. Vithin the armature groove which is in line with the lamella I the windings 1 and 1 are embedded, but the ends of the said wi dings are not connected to ,the lamella I hut the motor winding 1 is connected to the adjacent lamella XXIV and the generator winding 1 to the lamella IF. In a similar way the windings em bedded in the other armature grooves are respectively connected to the lamellac which are disposed at opposite sides of the lamella; located in line with the grooves. The angular distance of the lamella XXIV and II corresponds to the angle of the neutral zones of the system operating respectively as motor and a generator, said zones havheeu indicated in Fig. 28 by the broken lines M M and G G. In the constructions of the systems described with reference to Figs. 1 to 13 the brushes must be disposed along the said lines, and it would be necesary to shift the same when passing from. operation of the system as a motor to operation as a generator. In the construction. shown in Figs. 27 and 28 the brushes 5 and b are stationary.

The system shown in Figs. 27 and 28 can be used also in armature windings which are not separately used, and more particularly in armatures of any rind the windings ot which operate wit-h different ampere-turns.

In Fig. 29 we have shown the system as combined with switching means of the construetion shown in Figs. 18 and 19 and windings corresponding to Fig. 11.

The figure shows the development of the armature and its commutator, said armature iaving twenty-three grooves and said commutator having twenty-three lamellm indicated respectively by the characters 1 2 23 and. I IIE XXIII? Vithin each groove the wires of two coils are embedded one of high resistance and the other one of low resistance, which coils have been indicated by the characters l 2 and 1'; 2 respectively. For clearness sake we have shown only one high resistance coil and one low resistance coil complete, and in addition portions of other coils embedded in one of the grooves. Each lamella has two wire ends embedded therein and insulated thereit'rom in the manner de scribed with reference to Figs. 18 to 24. which wire ends carry terminals 102 and 102 adapted to be connected with the lainellie by contact plates 114.

In Fig. 29 the said contact plates 114 connect the right hand terminals 102 of the low resistance windings with the lamellae, and the current supplied to the system from. the battery flows from lamella XIX through low resistance wires 20' 3' located in the grooves 20- and 3 lamella VIII, cooperating contact plate 114, low resistance wires 9'2 15 embedded respectively in .ac grooves 9 and 15 lamella XX etc. hen shifting the contact plates to the left. the high resistance winding is thrown into operation. the current flowing from lamella XIX over cooperating contact plate 11%, high resistance wire 18 b H l T 18 1" l ld on, cccec. in pro J8 wire em sec er. in groove 1 lamella- Vlll cooperating, con

tact plate ll l, wire 7' embedded in groove 7 wire 13 embedded in roove 13 lam- *v J. ru b ella ratin CDC. zine figure shows that corresponding high and low resistance wires connected to the same lamellae such for example as 15 and 13" connected to lamella .izi'n or Q and 7" connected to lan ella Vlll are embedded in crooves which are displaced with relation to each other, which displacement corresponds to the an gle included between the neutral zones, as has been described with reference to Figs. 26 and 27.

l l hile in describing the invention reterence has been made to various examples embodying the same we wish it to be un the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections, of a commutator, and means to connect thesections oi" the armature winding to the lamellze oi the commutator selectively for producing high or low armature resistances;

2. ln an electric starter for p ime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections respectively of high and low resistance, of a commutator, and means to connect the sections of the armature winding to the lamellae of the commutator selectively for producing high or low armature resistances.

in an electric starter for prime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding therem made in sections respect vely of high and low resistance, of a comnuitator, and means to connect either the sections of high or low resistance in circuit with the lamellm oi the commutator.

l. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination with an armature, and the winding; thereof made in sections, of a commutator, and means automatically controlled as the armature shaft is rotated at one time electrically and at another time by the prime mover to connect the sections of the arn'iature winding); to the lamellze of the commutator selectively for producing high or low armature resistances.

5. In an electric starter for prime movers,

the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections, or" a commutator, means to connect the sections ot the armature winding to the lamellae of the commutator selectively for producing high.

or low armature resistances, and an armature shatt made in two sections one carrying the armature and commutator and the other one said connecting means and adapted for connection with said prime mover, said shaft sections being movable relatively to each other for operating said connecting means.

6. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections, of a commutator, the lamellm of the commutator beinn; adapted to be connected each with two of said sectional windings and means to connect the lamellse each to either one of said sectional coils.

7. ln an electric starter tor prime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereoi made in sections, of a comniutator, the lamellae of the commutator each having one of the ends of two sections of the armature winding embedded therein and insulated therefrom, and means to connectthe lamella with either one of the ends of the sections embedded therein.

8. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination. with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections, of a commutator, the lamellae ot the commutator each having one of the ends of two sections of the armature winding embedded therein and insulated therefroi'i'i, and means automatically controlled as the armature shaft is rotated at one time electrically and at another time by the prime mover to connect the lamella with either one of the ends ot the sections embedded therein.

9. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections of diiterent resistances, of a commutator, the lamellm of the commutator each having one of the ends of two sections 0? different re sistances of the armature winding embedded therein and insulated therefrom, and means to connect the lamella with either one oi the ends of the sections embedded therein.

10. In an electric starter for prime IDOV- ers, the combination with an armature whose windings comprise sections of drillerent resistance, a commutator, and shittable connections between armature windings and commutator lamellze. comprising a series of contacts borne on a rotatable carrier.

11. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination with an armature whose windings comprise sections of different resistance, a commutator, an annular carrier rotatable within a demarcated range relatively to said commutator, a series of insulated contacts borne by said carrier and adapted inthe range of the relative rotation indicated to establish connection selectively through different sections of said armature windings.

12. In an electric starter for prime movers, an armature provided with a plurality of coils, a commutator, a ring carrying a plurality of contact pieces and movable relatively to said commutator, each armature coil connected at one end to a lamella of the commutator and at the other end to a contact piece engaged by a contact on said carmen 13. In an electric starter for prime movers, an armature shaft, armature windings borne by said shaft, a commutator borne by said shaft, a ring borne on said shaft and r0- tatable thereon within a range defined by fixed stops, said ring being provided with contact pieces, said windings being connected at one end to the lamellae of the commutator and at the other end to contact pieces en gaged by a contact borne by said ring.

14. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination with the shaft of the prime mover, of an armature whose shaft is arranged coaxially with the shaft of the prime mover, said armature including windings, comprising sections of different resistance, a commutator, and a ring borne by one of the aligned shafts and rotatable thereon within positively defined limits, said ring provided with contact pieces, said sections of armature winding connected at one end with lamellae of the commutator and at the other end with contact pieces engaged by a contact borne by said ring, said ring being freely turning upon its sustaining shaft, whereby the ring will lag with respect either to the armature shaft or the prime-mover shaft, accordin as the armature shaft is driving or is driven by the prime-mover shaft.

15. In an electric starter for prime movers, the combination, with an armature, and the winding thereof made in sections of different resistances, of a commutator, and means to connect the sections of the armature winding to the lamellae of the commutator selectively for producing high or low armature resistances, adjacent sections of different resistances being connected to commutator lamellae displaced with relation to each other a distance corresponding to the angular position of the neutral zones of the system corresponding to the use of the sections of the winding.

In testimony whereof we hereunto afiix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

ARPAD- BARENYI. PAUL KAEMMERER.

Witnesses E. HOLTZERMAN, C. LIEBE. 

